For years, the Houthis controlled most of Yemen’s north and west, including the capital, Sana’a, while forces aligned with Yemen’s internationally recognised government held territory elsewhere. The fighting never stopped, but the large-scale military campaign that devastated the country after 2015 had subsided.
However, in September, the Houthi movement swept down Yemen’s Red Sea coast, capturing the strategically important port of Mocha and advancing towards the Bab al-Mandab Strait, one of the world’s most important maritime chokepoints. Their offensive has altered not only Yemen’s civil war but also the strategic calculations of Saudi Arabia, Iran and the wider international community.
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